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West's fire debates skirt the issues that mattered for Oregon Trail Fire
Submitted by Rocky Barker on Thu, 08/28/2008 - 9:00am.
The Oregon Trail Fire burned only a mile away from my home. Having such an event so close to home helps to focus your attention especially when in my case, I was only a few feet away from the flames Monday night covering the story at Homestead Rim.
The fire that destroyed 10 houses, damaged nine more and killed Mary Ellen Ryder had almost nothing to do with the fire debates that politicians and interest groups fight about and I spend a lot of time writing about. All the logging in the world wouldn’t have had any impact on this fire.
No fire use program would have reduced the available fuel since it started on private land and because fire in the sagebrush and cheatgrass is another matter entirely. This fire, like most of the fires in California over the last decade, started as a wildland fire and quickly became an urban fire.
Once the first house caught on fire the wildland element was nearly irrelevant. From then on it was the fuels within the subdivisions, the wind direction and ability of the local firefighters to respond that determined which houses would survive.
Think about how much wasted efforts and money have been focused on the wildlands in these debates when the major issues for these fires lie within 100 feet of the communities. In 2004, $535 million of the federal agencies' $1 billion firefighting budget went to protecting homes and property, according to a 2006 audit by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's office of inspector general.
The federal program, the inspector general said, "removes incentives for landowners to take responsibility for their own protection and ensure their homes are constructed and landscaped in ways that reduce wildfire risks."
In other words in the long run this spending was counterproductive. The current focus of fire protection in the wildland-urban interface on the wildland prevents the nation, the states, local communities and homeowners themselves from taking the actions and spending the money that will really make a difference.
The Oregon Trail Fire was a classic Wildland Urban interface fire much as the Castlerock Fire in Ketchum was in 2007. But we can every little wildland subdivision wildland urban interface no matter how many people and houses are threatened.
Fires around Yellow Pine, Warren and Secesh ought to be called wildland exurban fires and treated differently. When homes are spread out further than 200 feet apart, the fires are going to react very differently and present a different threat.
Unfortunately, by putting Oregon Trail Heights into the same category as Secesh and Cobalt, means we prioritize the spending the same and make management decisions based on the idea that the issues are the same.
I looked back on the 2000 Idaho Statesman and Andrus Center for Public Policy Conference, “The Fires Next Time,” to see how we addressed these issues then. We spent most of the conference talking about logging, thinning forest health and the other typical issues that dominated the fire debate then and now.
But two ideas that came out then and have sat around on the shelf in the Idaho fire debate resonate now. The first was then National Park Service fire operations chief Rick Gale’s observation that we were going the wrong direction in fire policy by thinning, burning and treating the wildland in toward communities instead of thinning and treating the fuels out from them.
But it was the observation of Jim Smalley, senior specialist with the National Fire Protection Association, that really floored me now. He said the focus on thinning on wildlands keeps us from taking action where it can do the most good, in people's yards and around their homes.
Building and fire codes that require people to make their homes less flammable will do more than thinning to reduce the threat of fire, he said.
“It's not a fire problem, it's an urban planning problem,” he said.
Then former Gov. Dirk Kempthorne, now Interior secretary, responded that he agreed that addressing flammability around homes is important, but he stopped short of backing new codes.
“We have to respect private property rights,” he said.
The experiences of the people whose houses were burned in the the Oregon Trail Fire because their neighbors’ homes were not properly protected might be changing that traditional Idaho response.
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I don't see what respect of property rights has to do with this
All building code is geared towards life safety. I don't see any disconnect in adding new code to make wildland interface more safe.
"Wildlands" & Active Resource Management
Rocky:
These ARE the same issues.
First, whoever designates (owns) "wildlands" should be responsible for managing the fuels and wildfires that occur there.
Second, if the fuels had been mowed, grazed, sprayed, or burned BEFORE they were set on fire, then we would not be blaming the victims for property loss and fatalities at this time.
"Wildland" is another Animal Farm term, such as "conservation" or "prescribed fire" have become. It is, essentially, an arbitrary land zoning designation that allows the landowner to avoid normal management costs, responsibility, accountability, and liability. Because the land is "wild."
Please stop blaming the homeowners and other victims. It is a fuel owner problem and a wildfire management problem, the same as everywhere else throughout the west.
What does that have to do with logging?
Wrong fickle finger
Okay, Rocky, so how is YOUR property?
And even though this puppy started on private ground, whose property did this fire burn THROUGH? Was it public land? That might matter, just a little.
I agree completely that in the face of the utter failure of the federal agencies and Congress to pull their heads out and start changing laws and regulations so that public ground can be managed in, (ahem) a FIREWISE manner, private landowners need to realize they are at risk.
I am sure insurance and mortgage companies have realized this, as proven by the presence of private (and expensive) firefighting assets at Ketchum, and if mortgages are to be floated on woods construction, it is in the best interest of all to make sure that new construction meets appropriate standards.
But prohibiting construction through zoning won't address the problem of loss of habitat -- as well as valuable resources including but not limited to timber -- through incineration.
Let It Burn, politically-corrected to "Appropriate Management Response" is proving to be equally if not more dysfunctional than foisting blame on forest residents for the cost of escapement.
Look at that thing in Jarbidge. Last week Scott Sonner is saying, oh, nice fire in wilderness, and three days later the thing is tripled in size, out of the wilderness, and threatening Jarbidge. Darn those old gold miners anyway.
It was private land
Idaho Power Company owns the powerline corridor.
Don't be a guberiF
"Think about how much wasted efforts and money have been focused on the wildlands in these debates when the major issues for these fires lie within 100 feet of the communities."
I don't think the folks on West Mountain thought money was wasted on the Gray's fire, and I'm sure the folks in Ketchum didn't think money was wasted on the Castle Rock fire. Or the folks in Jarbridge, Murphy, Picabo, Featherville and so forth this summer. I know for a fact that the folks in Yellow Pine are very thankful this money was "wasted" in 2006 and 2007.
Has anyone addressed the huge amounts of money "wasted" just on transitioning to a new ICP every other week? The cost of moving these giant 'circus tent' fire camps every 14 days? Or the safety issue - nearly every fatality this summer in Calif was during crew transition.
And what about other economic costs, lost revenue for communities under siege that depend on tourism? And the costs of roads washed out, salmon beds silted in, and so forth.
This part confuses me: "Fires around Yellow Pine, Warren and Secesh ought to be called wildland exurban fires and treated differently."
Treated differently then the Castle Rock and the Oregon Trail fires? How should the homes in Ketchum and Boise with wooden shake roofs be defended differntly from the metal roofed homes in Warren, Secesh and Yellow Pine? Am I reading this wrong? Or are you talking about forest fire vs. sage brush fire?
I agree that all property owners no matter if they live in a subdivision in the city or in the woods or desert needs to be responsible for fire abating their property. But outside the property line who is responsible? I don't think 100 feet of thinned forest will stop a fire raging thru hundreds of acres of unhealthy forest. It would help stop a brush or range fire tho.
Keep pushing the Firewise, the more people educated the better.
Raging fire facts
The facts, the science and my own experience demonstrate that the 100 feet of thinned forest along with the exurb community will drop a raging fire to the ground. It has been proven repeatedly.
Fire Expert
Because you wrote a book? Tell your theory to the folks that were in the fires last summer. And read the post below, that person seems to understand fire behavior better then you.
Thanks for the laugh Rocky.
Raging fire vs. blowing embers
Rocky:
My own research and documentation on the B&B fire shows that you are generally correct: depending on the height, size, and condition of the trees and snags and the force of the wind, of course. But most home fires are started by embers, not raging flames.
Dangerous embers can blow 1/4 mile or more, maybe further through unthinned trees than thinned. Grass and brush fires -- whether raging or not -- do better in thinned timber than dense thickets.
On the 2005 Deer Creek Fire in SW Oregon, people who watered and mowed their lawns, watered their crops adjacent to homes, and/or owned swimming pools accessible to fire pumps were able to save their homes when their neighbors did not. Roofing material and thinned trees were nonfactors.
South Barker "wildland" fire
Rocky:
I have asked you a couple of direct questions in previous posts, based largely on your past discussions of wildfire, but you fail to respond.
Is it that you are a busy man with no time to think about things, or that you might be forced to admit some ignorance in a field you consider yourself to be expert? Or something else entirely?
When (and why) did the term "wildland" come into use when describing wildfires?
What does your (mostly) inaccurate citing of "facts" regarding homes and "raging fires" have to do with thinning trees to protect homes?
I know that you have had a mostly acerbic written relationship with Mike Dubrasich, but I greatly encourage you and your readers to read today's comments in his blog for some truly expert opinions on Idaho wildfires -- those opinions expressed by retired USFS employees with a lifetime of actual experience and observation in Idaho forests:
http://westinstenv.org/sosf/2008/09/01/the-south-barker-wfu-fire
Better yet, it would be great to see you actually comment on these assertions, even though they are in sharp contrast to your own.
Thank you for the link
Very informative.
Watching the fire advance towards our community last year, we saw flying embers jump over a mile from the main front. Per our wildland fire training, we knew to watch for blowing embers and spot fires. Review the film of the fire camp burn over at Knox Ranch, most of the losses were due to blowing embers, not direct contact with the fire itself. (Remember that one? Where one fire crew set a back burn on a red flag wind day and burned the other crew's fire camp?)
I asked Rocky couple of very pertinent questions regarding wasteful policies.
Maybe I should write a book so I can be a fire expert too...
You're welcome.
Mike is doing some very fine work in his efforts to stop these meaningless and destructive conflagrations.
See: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLJYigWchf0
My comment is the ORWWmedia observation from 6 months ago.
Expert?
I'm just a reporter. You might read my book I bet you will like it.
Rocky
While you were gathering your notes after the Yellowstone fires of '88, I was hacking a trail thru the Frank Church wilderness fire aftermath trying to get a pack string to Chamberlin Basin. A landscape that looked right out of some alien disaster movie. The snow mixed with ash ate the leather on my new boots. I've been living with fire for a number of years, as well as promoting FireWise practices for at least 20 years. I have fought fires as a volunteer fire fighter off and on for 25 years.
Now I will make you a deal, if you will investigate and report what really happened last year in Yellow Pine (evacuations vs. our fire department's responsibility) I will buy AND read your book. We and several other property owners were maligned as holdouts, and I never did see one single news story that corrected that misinformation.
I would also like you come up here and see the difference between "good fire" and "bad fire" and what it has done to the ecology of the forests. I want you to see what setting back fires during red flag weather has done. Talk to the folks that watched the gross mismanagement of millions of dollars to do "point protection". Come take a look at the East Fork of the South Fork of the Salmon river devastation after the spring flash foods and tell us that is "good". I want to show you that 100 feet of thinned forests would not have protected our village.
And finally, lets discuss the wasteful practice of moving these giant ICP camps every 14 days, and what happens during transition, how the new crews coming in are in danger until they figure out the terrain and fire behavior. This last point I think is very important and no one seems to want to discuss it.
During the 2006 and 2007 fires, I did "e-reporting" from here so folks on the outside would receive accurate information. I have received "awards" from ICP managers for my help (including an autographed fire shovel because I would not take money.) I used to publish our local paper, so even tho I'm not a trained journalist, I do have experience reporting facts.
YPMule
I won't be able to get up there this year but I hope I can make it next year. I can tell you my editors have loved your posts and that's why they pulled some out for publication in our FireWise? series.
Sounds fair
Looking forward to talking to you sir. I understand you have a job to do. I'm not hard to find, Yellow Pine is pretty small, I'm the only one up here with an orphan mule.
I stumbled upon this video from 2007 fires by Idaho Statesman on YouTube, its about Warrens, and at one point the Fire guy is talking about how the fire will come, as blowing embers, not flames:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGHSd_xgc8Q&feature=related
Also here is a series of pictures, the first 3 are of the same mountain in 3 different fire years, Van Meter Hill is directly above our village.
2004 Van Meter spring prescribed burn (North of YP)
http://www.ruralnetwork.net/~yptimes/img11.jpg
2006 Van Meter fire (Lightning strike started Aug 7th)
http://img118.imageshack.us/img118/8195/0001940agz1.jpg
2007 East Zone Fire (Zena Fire) reaches Van Meter Sept 12
http://img211.imageshack.us/img211/7780/0002494aow8.jpg
The prescribed burn most likely saved our village from fire in 2006/2007 from the north. The mountain still looks good. This is my proof to show people that thinning and prescribed fire are good and this forest is pretty much healthy.
This next one was taken directly west of YP after the back burn, (its also our golf course) The back burn went well, as the woods had been treated repeatedly over the years. This was not 100 feet, it was more like 1/4 mile.
Good Fire (west of YP back burn 2007) No Campfires
http://img413.imageshack.us/img413/998/0002487bwx0.jpg
This last one is the killer - this is the type of fire that 100 feet of abatement will never stop:
Bad Fire (south west of YP Monumental Fire 2007)
http://img395.imageshack.us/img395/8215/0002451avn4.jpg
That is our house in the lower left corner of the photo, (and believe me its as FireWise as humanly possible.) We watched the Monumental fire (Cascade complex) advance as a crown fire (thanks to napalm on red flag days), hundreds of trees per second went off, it sounded like 100 jet airplanes taking off. The spot fires flew over a mile ahead of the fire storm and started spot fires. This firestorm was unnecessary, and was used to "treat" previously untreated forest. That part of our forest will not be healthy again in our lifetimes. This is the kind of stuff that no one talks about.
The comments are interesting
Bob:
I just got back from covering a story about sockeye salmon in Stanley. Fires last week kept me running.
If you read our series FireWise? you will note that we had similar comments in as critics of the ideas we were reporting including Mike's specifically arguing as you do that the federal government should be liable for all fires that burn on federal land. The courts decide those issues. As for your challenging our "facts" of fire behavior I stand by my reporting and the top firefighters now call the issue resolved science, a social issue instead of a scientific issue.
The South Barker fire is not destroying the forest ecologically as Mike's experts suggest. But they have different values. I am doubtful the lands can be treated more efficiently and at less cost than fire use. But the 3 million was not just for monitoring they build a lot of line and did some good suppression work on the Boise side to ensure the fire did not threaten homes.
We have a story coming out this week that includes some of the criticism along with the proposed benefits. As for the legal issues, those too can be settled in court just as those who challenge fire suppression are seeking to do.
I don't know when the term wildland came into play but I'm certain it was a reflection that fires don't just burn in forests but also in rangelands, grasslands and other areas nationally.
I hope this meets your concerns.
Rocky
Thanks for trying.
Thanks, Rocky:
I appreciate your attempts to answer my questions, although I'm not sure you addressed the points I was trying to make. I will make a point of reading your book, though, and appreciate your distinction between "reporting" and being an "expert." As a reporter, though, you should be able to better distinguish between your own opinions, "facts" (see your own, earlier, posting), and "science", which seems to have a large number of spokespersons without actual credentials these days.
I'm glad that you think "top firefighters" can "resolve science," for example, but as a forest scientist with a PhD in catastrophic wildfire, I would hope you might see it better from my perspective: I'm far more dubious than offended by their presumptuousness and your gullibility than I am by the stated conclusions. Is "resolved science" the same as a "fact"? Why would you ask (and quote) "top firefighters" such a question? Why not a few "top scientists", instead?
I'm not sure that I agree with your assumption that I think that the federal government "should be liable for all fires that burn on federal lands." In fact, I believe nothing of the sort. However, I think the issues DO need to be resolved in court at some point when it comes to NEPA and WFU. And perpetrators (not landowners) should be held accountable, same as always, until now.
"Mike's experts" are life-long USFS employees with considerable experience in Idaho, with federal lands law, and with wildfire management. If they say the fires are "destroying the forests ecologically" (whatever that might mean), then I am going to have to value their opinions and respect their values before I take the word of a self-proclaimed "reporter." That's only reasonable, isn't it?
Finally, to off-handedly dismiss rangelands and grasslands as "wildlands" is just not good reporting. Fires burn in homes and internal combustion engines, too, so that isn't a good definition. And a grassland fire is certainly much different than a forest fire, so what is the value in categorizing each the same? This is a highly-charged political question, not semantics or "science" at all, deserving a little research on your part. These lands are NOT "wild." WHO decided they were? WHEN and WHY? The answers may surprise you. And maybe make you a little more cautious -- or, better, insightful -- when you use the term in the future.
Thanks again for trying. I'm willing to continue this discussion in a less public venue if that holds any interest to you.
Clashing values
Bob:
The science you apparently are challenging is Jack Cohen's fire behavior studies of how fires burn from the wildland into the urban landscape. I know of no scientist challenging Cohen's work. Please point me to them.
I don't equate wildfires with wilderness and I don't think that is the point behind the semantics. It certainly was reaction to the term let-burn, one I'm comfortable with but my agency friends hate. They prefer fire use because it suggests active management.
The term wildland-urban interface was developed at Stanford in 1974. The use of the word wildfire evolved from there to describe fires burning out of control in the area outside of the urban interface.
Even though I am only a reporter I have studied forests, fire, wilderness and public land management for 37 years on the ground throughout the West and the world. What is considered wild in the United States is not necessarily what is considered wild in Australia and Africa. The term wild as you use it is far less relevant in a world dramatically changing due to human caused climate change.
What is your answer to the question when and why the term forest fire was changed to wildfire? You obviously don't like it and consider its use a challenge to your own values.
As for the political ramifications, despite the strong case for restoring fire to western ecosystems the idea is not politically popular and indeed is viewed as negatively as clearcuts. Only when the word "controlled" precedes fire does the public support it.
Thanks, Rocky
Rocky:
Thank you very much for your considered reply. It was the conversation I was looking for.
1) If there is no work that challenges Dr. Cohen's findings, then it is unlikely that his methods have been replicated, either. A single individual's research certainly isn't "Science," however, and doesn't generate "facts" in any instance. Besides, the question had to do with danger to homes. Does a crown fire pose more threat than a ground fire? If not, what's your point? And what does Dr. Cohen's research say regarding blowing embers as a hazard? Those were the points I was making.
2) I believe in "wildfires" and use the term all of the time, even in these posts to your column. It is the word "wildland" that sticks in my craw. It is a term used by urban academics (beginning with Stanford, apparently) to describe lands that must appear "wild" from their ivory towers. However, it is "home" to millions of people and animals, and has been for thousands of years. What reason do they have for calling my home a "wildland?" It is both insulting and inaccurate, however politically correct and convenient. And who draws the lines that makes an "interface?" Stanford grad students?
3) In rural areas "clearcut" is a perfectly acceptable term and reality, as are "mowing," "grazing," "tilling," and "logging." It is the smug urbanite who gets milk from a carton and has his carpenter get boards from the store that seems to think these terms are "politically unpopular"-- voters, maybe, that depend on others to harvest and manufacture their food, homes, and newspapers.
4)I can see why your agency friends prefer "fire use" because it "suggests active management." It really is "let it burn," though, and really isn't "active management" at all. More of that Animal Farm semantics in which preservationists are magically transformed into conservationists and "ecological value" becomes some kind of "science." What a crock. These people are taking credit for watching lightning create havoc with the public's forests and calling it "active management," as if they're actually doing a real job. How do they even cash their paychecks with a straight face?
5) Finally, I personally don't believe that we live "in a world dramatically changing due to human caused climate change," and have been very public with my studies and opinions in that regard:
http://www.NWMapsCo.com/ZybachB/Interviews/20070405_KGAL/
Because Global Warming has become something of a religion dependent on personal beliefs, I doubt you are interested in continuing that discussion. Liberal Democrats tend to support the apocalyptic Gore pronouncements, and conservative Republicans don't (I am neither): so I'm inclined to think it is a political issue far more than a science issue. Certainly, there is no "consensus," no matter the source.
I am interested in continuing the wildfire discussion, and really do appreciate your willingness to do so.
global warming
From what I have been reading - "global warming" leads to more fires - and the smoke from these fires adds to "global warming". I find that the "let it burn" advocates seem to be the same folks who also warn us about "global warming".
Ironic
I am enjoying reading this discussion and hope to see it continue. (My PHD is in Post Hole Digging, so I am no match for you college boys.)
Dude, the whole thing blows and who cares anymore.
Buy a vowel or give up the Vacation space and a turn.